by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
The term European legal instruments refers to the instruments available to the European institutions to carry out their tasks. The instruments listed in Article 288 of the TFEU are: regulations: these are binding in their entirety and directly applicable in all Member...
by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), created in 1952 by the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, comprises the Court of Justice, the General Court and specialised courts. It ensures compliance with the law in interpreting and...
by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
“General-interest services” are services considered to be in the general interest by the public authorities and accordingly subjected to specific public-service obligations. They include non-market services (e.g. compulsory education, social protection),...
by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
A concentration is the legal combination of two or more undertakings, by merger or acquisition. While such operations may have a positive impact on the market, they may also appreciably restrict competition, by creating or strengthening a dominant player. In order to...
by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
The term “antitrust” refers to competition rules on agreements and business practices which restrict competition and on abuse of dominant positions. Agreements and concerted practices which may restrict competition are prohibited by the antitrust...
