Nullity

Under Article 101(1) of the EC Treaty, agreements between undertakings that restrict competition and may affect trade between Member States are prohibited. According to Article 101(2) of the EC Treaty they are void unless they are exempted from the prohibition under...

Non-competition clause

Contractual clause bringing about a direct or indirect obligation causing the parties to an acquisition agreement, or at least one of them, not to manufacture, purchase, sell or resell independently goods or services which compete with the contract goods or services....

Network effect

Network effects arise when a product is more valuable to a user, the more users adopt the same product or compatible ones. Economists refer to this phenomenon as a network externality, because when additional consumers join the network of current consumers they have a...

Negative Comity

Every country that is party to a cooperation agreement guarantees to take account of the important interests of the other parties to the agreement when applying its own competition law. See comity, positive comity. Source: Glossary of terms used in EU competition...