A competition agency’s decision, consisting of a remedy and a fine, causes serious consequences for the targeted firm. Firms (and other respondents) therefore are empowered to appeal to the courts against an agency’s decision. This judicial appeal constitutes the basic safeguard for rights of defense and procedural fairness against abuse …read more
In her keynote address recently delivered at the Antitrust in Asia conference in Beijing, FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez emphasized the importance of fair and transparent procedures to the development of an effective antitrust enforcement regime. She noted how such procedures benefit agencies: (i) by allowing agencies to focus on substantive …read more
Despite having originally been recognized with the clear and limited purpose of protecting the individual from State abuses (and, incidentally, from violations by other individuals where their rights may clash), the human rights recognized in the European Convention on Human Rights have been, to a significant degree, extended to protect …read more
The People’s Republic of China adopted its Anti-Monopoly Law in 2008. In the following six years, China has made notable progress towards becoming one of the most robust and dynamic competition law regimes in the world. While substantive competition laws are developing rapidly in China, procedural safeguards for parties involved …read more