by 21st Century Competition | May 9, 2014
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), created in 1952 by the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, comprises the Court of Justice, the General Court and specialised courts. It ensures compliance with the law in interpreting and...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
A group of independent companies working together for the fulfil- ment of a specific project. Consortia are frequent, for example, in the construction industry where large projects (buildings, motorways) require close cooperation between engineering, planning and...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Requirements imposed by the Commission which need to be fully complied with by the parties concerned, in order to allow the Commission to declare an otherwise incompatible concentration compatible with the common market, or to exempt an otherwise illegal agreement....
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
Coordination between undertakings which, without having reached the stage of concluding a formal agreement, have knowingly substi- tuted practical cooperation for the risks of competition. A concerted practice can be constituted by direct or indirect contact between...
by 21st Century Competition | May 7, 2014
A concentration arises either where two or more previously independent undertakings merge (merger), where an undertaking acquires control of another undertaking (acquisition of control), or where a joint venture is created, performing on a lasting basis all the...
