by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Requirements the Commission imposes on undertakings in order to be able to exempt a notified agreement or to declare a notified concentration compatible with the common market ( Share this: Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email Click to print...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Under Article 101(1) of the EC Treaty, agreements between undertakings that restrict competition and may affect trade between Member States are prohibited. According to Article 101(2) of the EC Treaty they are void unless they are exempted from the prohibition under...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Contractual clause bringing about a direct or indirect obligation causing the parties to an acquisition agreement, or at least one of them, not to manufacture, purchase, sell or resell independently goods or services which compete with the contract goods or services....
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Network effects arise when a product is more valuable to a user, the more users adopt the same product or compatible ones. Economists refer to this phenomenon as a network externality, because when additional consumers join the network of current consumers they have a...
by 21st Century Competition | May 8, 2014
Market situation with a single supplier (monopolist) who — due to the absence of competition — holds an extreme form of market power. It is tantamount to the existence of a dominant position. Under monopoly, output is normally lower and price higher than under...
